* Ghazi Usman I. *
* Founder and first ruler of the Ottoman Caliphate. *
* Born: 1258 Soghoot. (Anna Tulia Turkey). *
Died: 1326. (Turkey)
Ghazi Usman Khan, a Turkmen chieftain, established a powerful state within Anatolia in 1288, naming it the Ottoman Empire.
Usman was born in 1258.
He was the son of Amir Ertugrul bin Sulaiman Balkhi. The historical background of the Ottoman Empire is as follows. After the fall of the Abbasid Empire, Muslims began to disperse.
A Turkish tribe under its leader Ertugrul was heading for Syria when he saw two armies fighting near Angora (Ankara). Ertugrul, in support of the weaker side, attacked the opposing army with such force that the enemy fled. After winning the war, Ertugrul learned that he had helped Sultan Aladdin's fortress against the Tartars. Sultan Aladdin was so pleased with Ertugrul's deed that he gave the fertile land on the left bank of the Saqariya River to Ertugrul as a manor. This area was later called Soghot. Ertugrul gradually gained political power. He even became the deputy of Allauddin Kiqbad. He defeated a united army of Tatars and Byzantines as the deputy of Sultan Aladdin Kiqbad. The Sultan was pleased and increased his estate. Ertugrul never claimed sovereignty and remained loyal to the Sultan of Konya. On the death of Ertugrul in 1288, his son Usman became the ruler.
Osman Oguz belonged to the Kai tribe of Kai. There was something important and remarkable about Uthman's personality. Even after Usman Khan became Sardar, Sultan of Konya remained loyal and feudal lord of Allauddin.
He conquered the fortress of Qaraja Hesar of the Byzantines, so Aladdin gladly gave Uthman not only the fort of Qaraja Hesar and its environs but also allowed him to issue his coin and add his name to the Friday sermon. Of In 1300, Sultan Aladdin was assassinated and his son Ghias-ud-Din was assassinated by the Tatars, ending the Seljuk dynasty. Now Uthman began to rule as an independent ruler. Uthman founded the Ottoman Empire in Bursa.
Uthman and his pro-Muslim border guards began to weaken the Byzantine Empire under his command. Uthman's second period was the period in which he continued his conquests from his capital city of Yak towards the west towards Bursa and towards the north towards Izniq. The Turks did not have the power to occupy these cities.
Usman's third period was one in which he did not personally participate in military campaigns and his comrades were leading the line of conquests. At the beginning of his reign, Uthman had a circle of loyal comrades, dubbed the "Brotherhood of Alp" (soldiers like brothers). Some of them were his brothers, nephews and some people like Sheikh Adab Ali. Usman I was married to Sheikh Adab Ali's daughter Mal Khatun (Rabia in some references).
Usman made Bursa his capital. In the latter period, Uthman devoted himself to the fierce siege of Iznik and Bursa. The great achievement of Uthman's reign was the conquest of Bursa shortly before his death. Usman Ghazi died in 1326 and was buried in Bursa. After Usman's death, his eldest son Arkhan Ghazi became the ruler.
the role
Ertugrul Ghazi wanted to make his son Usman mature and perfect in every way, so he entrusted the responsibility of his physical training to the great warriors like Torghot Alp, Abdul Rahman Ghazi, Aqcha Qawja and Qanur Alp and requested Sheikh Adab Ali for spiritual training. Therefore, Adab Ali played the role of Usman's mentor. Usman was a very brave, fearless, shrewd and wise ruler. He did justice to his subjects. His life was simple and he never amassed wealth. He used to distribute the booty among the soldiers after taking out the share of the orphans and the poor. He was generous, compassionate and hospitable and because of these qualities the Turks still take his name with respect. After that it became customary that when a king sat on the throne, Uthman's sword was tied around his waist and it was prayed that God would create in him the same qualities as Uthman.
Dream:
Usman had a dream
"A huge tree appeared from its side which continued to grow. Even its branches spread over the sea and the sea. Out of the root of the tree flowed 4 great rivers of the world and 4 great mountains to its branches. Then a strong wind blew and the leaves of this tree turned towards a great city, which was a place where two seas and two continents met and looked like a ring. Usman wanted to wear the ring, but his eyes were opened. "
This dream of Uthman was considered very good and later people interpreted it as 4 rivers were Tigris, Euphrates, Nile and Danube rivers and 4 mountains were Mount Tur, Mount Balkan, Mount Qaf and Mount Atlas. Later in the time of Uthman's descendants, since the empire had spread to these rivers and mountains, this dream was actually a prediction about the size of the Ottoman Empire. The city means the city of Constantinople which Uthman could not conquer but later conquered.
After 'Uthman, his descendants became great kings who made his dream come true. In the history of Islam, the rule of any family has not lasted as long as the rule of Al-Uthman and no capable ruler has been born in any family equal to Al-Uthman
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